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Numbers are grouped tightly around the mean (and your histogram will look tall) if it is large, If the standard deviation is small compared with the mean, your Standard deviation can be thought of as "average differentness." It shows how far the typical distribution "If you have two modes (or, more often, a histogram that has two peaks), you are probably dealing with two groups, not one." If you have two modes (or, more often, a histogram that has two peaks), you are probably dealing with two groups, not one. You may have to do something about those numbers before proceeding. Your histogram will look as if one or both of the ends of the curve are too long. If the mode is much higher or lower than the mean, you may have some outliers - that is, a few freakishly large or small numbers. If the skew is not too big, you will probably be OK, but if it is very large, you may not be able to use parametric statistics. In such cases, your distribution is said to be positively or negatively skewed and your histogram will look off-center. If the median is much higher or lower than the mean, you either have too many high or low scores. Ideally, the mean, median, and mode are more or less the same. Each is a way of seeing where the center of your data is. Mean refers to an average median is the middle mode is the most frequent number. That show us where the middle of our data are and how widely or tightly they are clustered around those centers. The numbers that are most important are those
#Does spss amos 22 work with spss 23 how to
This final segment describes a few basic descriptive statistics which can be calculated with SPSS, how to interpret various types of curve distributions, and concludes by mentioning outliers.īesides histograms, there is another way to look at the shape of any data: through numbers.
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Histograms on SPSS, and a bit about parametric statistics.
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The second article mentioned three ways of arranging data, how to do The first article in this series highlighted alpha values and beta valuesĪnd distinguished between Type 1 and Type 2 errors. This article introduces some additional descriptive statistics concepts for novice researchers.
#Does spss amos 22 work with spss 23 pdf
PDF Version Some preliminary thoughts on statistics and background information on SPSS (Part 3) by H.P.L. Shiken: JALT Testing & Evaluation SIG Newsletter